The United States Prison System Essay - 1562 Words

Within this paper, you will find a comprehensive review of the United States prison system, and why it needs to analyzed to better support and reform the people of this country. I plan to persuade the other side (politicians and society) into seeing that the way the prison system is now, is not ethical nor economical and it must change. We have one of the world’s largest prison population, but also a very high rate of recidivism. Recidivism is when the prisoners continuously return to prison without being reformed. They return for the same things that they were doing before. So, this leads us to ask what exactly are we doing wrong? When this happens, we as a nation must continuously pay to house and feed these inmates. The purpose of a prison needs to be examined so we can decide if we really are reforming our inmates, or just continuing a vicious cycle. What is the true purpose of prison besides just holding them in a cell? There must be more we can do for these hopeless mem bers of society. The Prison System in the United States: Is it ethical? As of 2016, the United States has one of the highest prison populations of men in women in state, federal, private penitentiaries in the world. Not only is it the highest, but it is a constant revolving door for those who do their time, but continue to come back into the system for either short term or long term sentences. This trend has been continuous for many years and nothing has changed. Yes, some states have tried toShow MoreRelatedThe United States Prison System996 Words   |  4 PagesSince the 1980s, the United States prison population has quadrupled to 2.4 million inmates; with nearly half of the inmates in federal prison serving time for drug offenses. The majority of America’s general population has been hoodwinked into believing that the prison system helps prevent crime, but the side effects of mass incarceration is like spilling gasoline on a burning car. The side effects of fabricating additional prison complexes for the sole purpose of preventing crime will continue toRead MoreThe United States Prison System1215 Words   |  5 Pages The United States prison system incarcerates more people per capita than nearly all European countries, and roughly two-thirds of those inmates that are released will be arrested again within three years (Ward et al, 2015). Some facilities have relatively successful programs that cut down on the recidivism numbers. However, the majority of prisons are focused on punishment and make no efforts at rehabilitation. Something in the American justice systems needs to change so that the cycle can be brokenRead MoreThe United States Prison System Essay1927 Words   |  8 PagesThe United States prison system struggles eminently with keeping offenders out of prison after being released. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, more than third of all prisoners who were arrested within five years of released were arrested within six months after release, with more than half arrested by the end of the year (Hu ghes, Wilson, Beck, 2001). Among prisoners released in 2005 in 23 states with available data on inmates returned to prison, about half (55 percent) had eitherRead MoreReforming The United States Prison System940 Words   |  4 Pages1/19/2016 Reforming the United States Prison System The United States is the largest jailer in the world. With only 5 percent of the world s population and a disproportionate 20 percent of the worlds prison population the United States also has the highest incarceration rate in the world (Chamman). In fact one in every one hundred and ten adults in the United States will be incarcerated. Many of these adults will return to prison later in their life (ACLU). The Prison Crisis has become a recentRead MoreThe United States And The Federal Prison System3063 Words   |  13 PagesToday in the United States a land that claims to be the freest nation on the face of the Earth more people will wake up inside of a federal/state prison or a county jail cell than in any other country on the planet. As of 2012 this figure was a staggering 2,228,400 (jail 744,500; prison 1,483,900) add in to this the additional sum of just over 5 million people on parole (851,200) and probation (3,942,800) giving us a grand total of over 7 million citizens under some level of Federal or State supervisionRead MoreOvercrowding And Its Effects On The United States Prison System1178 Words   |  5 Pages Overcrowding prisons are an issue that has been influencing the United States prison population for decades, however what is the true significance of overcrowding. As indicated by Jeff Bleich (1989) â€Å"the term overcrowding is repetitive, since crowding already refers to a higher level of social density than is desired†. An overcrowded prison is a shocking condition that causes outrage and dissatisfaction among detainees (Haney, 2014). This condition is so undesirable that one can consider it as unconstitutionalRead MorePrison Systems In The United States Is Growing Massively,1739 Words   |  7 PagesPrison Systems in The United States is Growing Massively, And It Needs to Change! The United States Prison Systems is at its all-time high. From 1984 to 2012 about 160,000 inmates were sentenced to life (Hamilton 805). In 2011, one million women were incarcerated or controlled by the Justice system, in which 68 percent of these women were black (Gross 32). Mass incarceration is a process of overfilling prisons with prisoners, who have committed minor and major crimes. The main targets were AfricanRead MoreAfrican American Men And The United States Prison System1422 Words   |  6 PagesAfrican American Men and the United States Prison System There is a racial connection between the United States criminal justice system and the overrepresentation of black men in the United States prison system. There are over 2 million people in the U.S. prison system exceeding that of any other nation and represents 25% of the world’s prisoners (The Sentencing Project, 2016). According to Prison Policy Initiative, African American communities are the most impacted with African American men representingRead MorePregnant Behind Bars And The United States Prison System2060 Words   |  9 Pages Pregnant Behind Bars Men and women in the United States prison system face an adversity of challenges in many aspects of their lives. One area where incarcerated individuals face a hardship is the access to healthcare they receive while they are imprisoned. Access to screenings, check-ups, medications, and treatment for diseases may be limited. Women are particularly vulnerable to inconsistent healthcare if they are pregnant while in prison. They may not receive all the necessary prenatal orRead MoreEvaluating Credibility And Its Impact On The Society Of The United States Prison System1980 Words   |  8 Pagessupport their information, verifiability to see if it still holds context, and organization/professionalism of the source. All of these are important to evaluate the credibility especially when dealing with a controversial topic like the United States prison system where a person might have an agenda of leading the reader to a certain position on the topic. Criteria for Evaluating Credibility There are a variety of elements that should be examined when evaluating these sources. Trying to determine

Traditional Japanese Weddings - 2106 Words

Traditional Japanese Weddings The Japanese marriage system and wedding ceremonies have many traditional aspects which are incorporated into both the celebrations leading up to and including the actual wedding day. However, overall, the practices are more formalized and structured than those in Western culture. For example, traditional arranged meetings are common in Eastern culture and the parents of the bride and groom have a great influence on the marriage, whereas in Western culture many marriages are formed through two individuals meeting on their own accord. Traditional Japanese wedding ceremonies are more elaborate in ceremony, dress, and are more formal than those in the West. This paper strives to study different aspects of the†¦show more content†¦* â€Å"Kombu † or â€Å"konbu† is edible kelp given to wish the couple many happy and healthy children. * â€Å"Shiraga† or hemp are strong fibers that are used to symbolize the wish for strong family ties. Shiraga also means white hair. Hemp is therefore used to wish the couple many years of happiness in their future. * â€Å"Suehiro† is a fan that opens from end to end and is given as a wish for happiness and a bigger and better future. * â€Å"Yanagi-daru† is a wine cask. However, money may be given in place of the wine cask for the purpose of purchasing sake wine. * Money In addition to these gifts are Sake casks that are used to represent a vow for obedience and gentleness in marriage (â€Å"Japanese Marriage†). Fig 1: Sake Casks (Kruzick) Wedding Date Most Japanese weddings occur in the spring or fall, often on Sundays or national holidays. The date of their wedding is decided by using an astrological calendar traditionally used to pick specific days of the year for special events called a koyomi. Taian, which is translated as â€Å"the day of great peace†, is the most popular day for weddings. Many weddings occur on the same day in Japan because of the popular use of the koyomi. Attire The wedding attire in Japanese culture is based on tradition. The bride’s makeup will consist of white face paint and red lips. Her hair is in a traditional style called bunkin-takashimada with ornateShow MoreRelatedThe Pros of a Western Wedding over a Traditional Shinto Wedding1227 Words   |  5 PagesMany couples that come from a Japanese background are starting to prefer more of a western wedding than a traditional Shinto wedding. There are several reasons for couples prefer a western than Shinto wedding because they have a different views on marriage. In Japanese traditional wedding both style and culture are involved and that has been known for many years. There are two major differences between a Shinto marriage and western marriage. When a couple is in love and they decide to get marriedRead MoreDating and Marriage in Japan Essay1125 Words   |  5 Pagesmarriage customs are different from country to country; Japan, in particular has very unique dating and marriage procedures. Japan is a located in Southeastern Asia. The Japanese tend to share some very different ideas concerning dating and marriage. However, some of our beliefs and morals have spread into the culture of the Japanese. Nevertheless, Japan holds strong to their roots and their unique culture. Similarly, we tend to narrow our beliefs on their ideas as looking through another paradigm fromRead MoreAsian Wedding Cake Essay867 Words   |  4 PagesAsian wedding cake: Weddings are an integral part of all cultures. The customs and traditions of the different culture vary from each other. Similarly Western weddings are quite different from the Asian weddings. A wedding cake is a very significant tradition of the Western weddings. Although not so significant, but the tradition of wedding cakes at Asian wedding is increasingly becoming popular. As such the Asian wedding cakes are baked in exquisite designs and delicious taste. Meaning: TheRead MoreCultural Weddings3169 Words   |  13 PagesA wedding is the marriage rite in which two people are united in marriage or a similar institution. Wedding traditions and customs vary greatly between cultures, ethnic groups, religions, countries, and social classes. Most wedding ceremonies involve an exchange of wedding vows by the couple, presentation of a gift, and a public proclamation of marriage by an authority figure or leader. Special wedding garments are often worn, and the ceremony is followed by a wedding reception. Music, poetry, prayersRead MoreJapanese Kimono787 Words   |  4 PagesThe  kimono  is a traditional form of clothing worn by Japanese women and men. There are many different forms of Japanese kimono. The word kimono literally as known as clothing, and up until the mid 19th century it was the form of dress worn by everyone in Japan. Between 30 and 100 days after a child is born, the parents, siblings, and grandparents visit a shrine together to report the child’s birth. The baby is dressed in a white under-kimono. On top of that kimono, the baby wears a brightly colouredRead MoreConsumer Behavior Analysis1461 Words   |  6 Pagesaround the globe, and an Ipod that could also be used as a phone was just what everyone was asking for. There was, however, one country that Apple really wanted to conquer. Apple joined with Softbank Corp. in Japan to market the Iphone 3G to the Japanese populous (Kane, Sept) . Softcorp was the third largest mobile provider in Japan, and the Ipod and Apple Computers were extremely popular in Japan, so Apple predicted incredibly brisk sales in the technology-savvy country (Kane, Sept) . On the firstRead MoreEssay on Japanese and Chinese Culture1061 Words   |  5 PagesJapanese and Chinese both share great and subtle differences, from their diverse uses of food and religion, to their similarities in writing. After reading them, you should have a small understanding about the differences of Japanese and Chinese culture. So here are just a few of the things that make them so interesting One of the most interesting differences between Japan and China would be their cuisine. So what is the difference between Japanese and Chinese Cuisine? This is a question that isRead MoreA Research On Japanese Tourism1942 Words   |  8 PagesResearch Paper: Japanese Tourism in Hawaii Hawaii is an attractive place. The view in Hawaii is amazingly beautiful and combined with the traditional culture, it is heaven. As everyone knows Hawaii’s resources come from outside of the island because we really can’t do much to support ourselves. We even can’t grow enough food for ourselves and we don’t have big factory to grow our manufacturing. So what we can do is growing our tourisms and with the growth of the tourisms. Business in HawaiiRead MoreThe, This Burns My Heart, By Samuel Park1248 Words   |  5 Pagesof corruption, coercion, and dictatorships. South Korea was becoming divided between tradition and modernity. Before the Korean War and the Second World War, Korea as a whole was dealing with the division between tradition and modernity due to the Japanese colonization of Korea. The Korean people were torn between what they had known for thousands of years and the promises of new technologies and improved life. Korea has been a very hierarchical society immensely influenced by Confucianism. A scholarRead More`` Stained Glass Elegies `` By Shusaku Endo1550 Words   |  7 PagesShusaku Endo, born in Tokyo in 1923 and raised in Manchuria until the age of 11, was a prolific Japanese novelist who wrote from the perspective of a Japanese Roman Catholic. Before his death due to the complications of hepatitis at the Keio University Hospital in Tokyo at the age of 73, Endo had written numerous prominent novels which includes The Sea and the Poison in 1957, Life of Jesus in 1973, and Scandal in 1986. During his lifetime, he had also received 4 awards, which includes the 2 most

Animal Farm by George Orwells - 792 Words

Animal Farm Animal Farm was written by George Orwell, a British political novelist who loved to criticized governments and their abuse of power on their population. Animal Farm is a book that attacks the Communist Soviet Union, which is achieved through references to communist leaders. The story took place on a imaginary farm owned by Mr. Jones somewhere in England where a respected pig named Old Major assembled the farm animals to tell them about a dream he recently had in which all animals lived together in harmony without humans beings to oppress them. He taught them a song called â€Å"Beast of England† in which his dream is lyrically described. The animals greet Old Major visions with great enthusiasm. Unfortunately Old Major died three days later, but three young pigs named Snowball, Napoleon, and Squealer formulate his vision into a philosophy called animalism. After old major was buried the principles of animalism were painted on the side of the barn in gigantic white letters. At first, many of the animals find the principles of Animalism difficult to understand; as they have grown up believing that Mr. Jones is their proper master. Revolution would come soon as one day the farmer lost money in a lawsuit and becomes lazy and neglectful. One day, Mr. Jones goes on a drinking binge and forgets to feed the animals. Nearing starvation the cows break into the store shed and the animals begin to eat the grains. Mr. Jones and his men discovered the transgression and begin toShow MoreRelatedAnimal Farm And George Orwell By George Orwell1034 Words   |  5 Pages Eric Arthur Blair, under the pseudonym of George Orwell, composed many novels in his lifetime that were considered both politically rebellious and socially incorrect. Working on the dream since childhood, Orwell would finally gain notoriety as an author with his 1945 novel Animal Farm, which drew on personal experiences and deeply rooted fear to satirically critique Russian communism during its expansion. Noticing the impact he made, he next took to writing the novel 1984, which similarly criticizedRead MoreAnimal Farm By George Orwell1397 Words   |  6 PagesAn important quote by the influential author of Animal Farm, George Orwell, is, â€Å"Every line of serious work that I have written since 1936 has been written, directly or indirectly, against totalitarianism.† George Orwell, a Democratic Socialist, wrote the book Animal Farm as an attack on the Communist country of Russia (â€Å"The Political Ideas of George Orwell,† worldsocialism.org). He had a very strong disliking of Communism and the Socialist party of Russia. However, he insisted on finding the truthRead MoreAnimal Farm, By George Orwell1545 Words   |  7 Pagesallow because an this elite institution of people often use this gear to dominate and oppress society. In George Orwell’s story, Animal Farm, Orwell demonstrates that education is a powerful weapon and is a device that can be used to at least one’s benefit. Living in a world where strength is a straightforward to benefit, the pigs quick use education to govern the relaxation of the animals on the farm to serve themselves worked to their advantage. This story in shows the underlying message that   firstRead MoreAnimal Farm By George Orwell944 Words   |  4 Pageslegs(Orwell 132). He carried a whip in his trotter(Orwell 133). In the novel Animal Farm by George Orwell, animals have the ability to talk and form their own ethos, Animalism. Animal Farm is an intriguing allegory by George Orwell, who is also th e author of 1984, includes many enjoyable elements. More knowledge of the author, his use of allegorical elements, themes, symbols, and the significance in the real world, allows the reader to get more out of this glance into the future. George OrwellRead MoreAnimal Farm, By George Orwell876 Words   |  4 Pagesrebellious animals think no man means freedom and happiness, but they need to think again. The animals of Manor Farm rebel against the farm owner, Mr. Jones, and name it Animal Farm. The animals create Animalism, with seven commandments. As everything seems going well, two of the animals get into a rivalry, and things start changing. Food starts disappearing and commandments are changed, and the power begins to shift. Father of dystopian genre, George Orwell writes an interesting allegory, Animal FarmRead MoreAnimal Farm by George Orwell1100 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: Widely acknowledged as a powerful allegory, the 1945 novella Animal Farm, conceived from the satirical mind of acclaimed author George Orwell, is a harrowing fable of a fictional dystopia that critiques the socialist philosophy of Stalin in terms of his leadership of the Soviet Union. Tired of their servitude to man, a group of farm animals revolt and establish their own society, only to be betrayed into worse servitude by their leaders, the pigs, whose initial virtuous intentionsRead MoreAnimal Farm By George Orwell1538 Words   |  7 PagesMecca Animal Farm The Russian Revolution in 1917 shows how a desperate society can be turned into a military superpower filled with terror and chaos. George Orwell uses his book, Animal Farm, to parallel this period of time in history. This book is an allegory of fascism and communism and the negative outcomes. The animals begin with great unity, working toward a common goal. The government then becomes corrupted by the temptations of power. George Orwell uses the characters in Animal Farm to showRead MoreAnimal Farm by George Orwell1175 Words   |  5 PagesAn enthusiastic participant in the Spanish civil war in 1936, George Orwell had a great understanding of the political world and made his strong opinions known through his enlightening literary works, many of which are still read in our modern era. Inspired by the 1917 Russian Revolution and the failed society it resulted in, Animal Farm by George Orwell is an encapsulating tale that epitomises how a free utopian society so idealistic can never be accomplished. The novella exemplifies how influencesRead MoreAnimal Farm, By George Orwell1089 Words   |  5 PagesIn George Orwell’s â€Å"Animal Farm†, the pigs as the farm leaders, use unknown language, invoke scare tactics and create specific laws, thereby enabling them to control other animals, to suit their greedy desires, and to perform actions outside their realm of power. Because of the pigs’ use of broad language, and the implementation of these tactics they are able to get away with avoiding laws, and are able to convince other animals into believing untrue stories that are beneficial to the pigs. The firstRead MoreAnimal Farm, By George Orwell1212 Words   |  5 PagesShe stood there over the dead animals thinking to herself what have we come to? We try to become free but we just enslave ourselves to a so called superior kind. Napoleon killed the animals in front of the whole farm and said that this was to be the punishment for the traitors. Snowball was known as a traitor now and anyone conspiring with him would be killed. Snowball and Napoleon both represent historical characters during the Russian revolution in 1917.Snowball who was one of the smartest pigs

Essay on Francis Bacons New Atlantis - 1512 Words

Francis Bacons New Atlantis Francis Bacon was the founder of the modern scientific method. The focus on the new scientific method is on orderly experimentation. For Bacon, experiments that produce results are important. Bacon pointed out the need for clear and accurate thinking, showing that any mastery of the world in which man lives was dependent upon careful understanding. This understanding is based solely on the facts of this world and not as the ancients held it in ancient philosophy. This new modern science provides the foundation for modern political science. Bacons political science completely separated religion and philosophy. For Bacon, nothing exists in the universe except individual bodies. Although he did not offer a†¦show more content†¦Science conquers chance and determines change thus creating a regime permanently pleasant. Bensalem, meaning perfect son in Hebrew, has shunned the misfortunes of time, vice and decay. Bensalem seems to combine the blessedness of Jerusalem and the pleasures and conveniences of Babylon. In Bacons NEW ATLANTIS, the need for man to be driven does not exist. Scarcity is eliminated thereby eliminating the need for money. But thus, you see, we maintain a trade, not for gold, silver or jewels... nor for any other commodity of matter, but only for Gods first creature which was light (Bacon, 437). This shows a devotion to truth rather than victory and it emphasizes the Christian piety to which the scientist is disposed by virtue of his science. As man observes and brings the fruits of his observations together, he discover likeness and differences among events and objects in the universe. In this way he will establish laws among happenings upon which he can base all subsequent action. Bacon realized that sometimes religious ideas and the discoveries of nature and careful observations were contradictory but he argued that society must believe both. The NEW ATLANTIS begins with the description of a ship lost at sea. The crew lift up their hearts and voices to God above, who showeth his wonders in the deep, beseeching him of his mercy (Bacon, 419). Upon spotting land and discerning natives the sailors praise God. When a boarding party comes to theirShow MoreRelated Francis Bacons Scientifically Revolutionary Utopia Essay1077 Words   |  5 Pages Francis Bacon’s Scientifically Revolutionary Utopia nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The New Atlantis is a seventeenth century depiction of a utopia by Francis Bacon. In this novel, Francis Bacon continues on More’s utopian ideas. Unlike More, however, Bacon relied on societal change via advancements in science and ones own awareness of his environment rather than through religious reforms or social legislation. The seventeenth century marks a period in history where drastic social change occurredRead MoreThemes Of Utopian Literature2013 Words   |  9 PagesThe 16th century stands for a new time in exploration of all the fundamental beliefs that were at the heart of people’s mind. The Renaissance made the world wonder about new sciences, aesthetics, and religious beliefs. In the literature, too, was a heavy discussion about the ideas that the world should push for and the ideas the world should leave behind. Utopian literature stands at the center of that debate, the envisioning of a perfect world in a distant far away country was something that manyRead MoreFrancis Bacon Essay example1282 Words   |  6 PagesFrancis Bacon grew from poverty to expand his career as a British politician entrepreneur and wrote prominent essays on humanism and innovative scientific philosophy. Most notably known as â€Å"the father of the English essay,† (McDougal 455) Bacon’s influential works were vastly impacted by the tenets of the Renaissance period. Even Thomas Jefferson, one of the founding fathers of our nation, credited being influenced by Bacon’s essays (McDougal 455). One of the core ideologies determined by his worksRead MoreFrancis Bacon As A Successful Politician891 Words   |  4 PagesFrancis Bacon is widely regarded as the â€Å"Father of Modern Science† due to his contributions in science and discovery of the Scientific Method. Sir Francis Bacon was born to Nicholas and Anne Cooke Bacon on January 22, 1561, in London, England (â€Å"Bacon, Francis (1561-1626).† The New Book of Popular 1). He had no siblings, and his father Nicholas Bacon died at a young age (â€Å"Bacon, Francis (1561-1626).† The New Book of Knowledge 2). He was looking for work to help his mother, and without a father, itRead MoreWilliam Bacon s New Science1795 Words   |  8 Pagesargued that since God on the first day â€Å"created light only,† philosophers should set about discovering true causes and axioms.14 Thus, Bacon’s new science was meant for the benefit of the people and the improvement of human health and welfare. Bacon urged his followers to â€Å"cultivate truth in charity.†15 These religious ideas come together in Bacon’s New Atlantis, in which the fathers of Solomon’s House, the scientific center of the island named after the biblical king, were responsible for distributingRead MoreEssay on Revolution in Scientific Affairs977 Words   |  4 Pagesto influence ideas about such wildly disparate fields of human endeavor as physics, religion, and governmental theory, shows that Francis Bacon played a major role in encouraging the growth of the Scientific Revolution. Writing in the early part of the 17th century, Bacon painted a tempting picture of a world guided by scientific insight in his seminal work â€Å"New Atlantis.† In this work, Bacon reveals his ideas for science and its future, and shows how they could work to improve the world and itsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book New Atlantis 1877 Words   |  8 PagesNew Atlantis is the story of a navigator and his crew aiming to go to China, but an unprecedented blast of winds redirects their course. As they are blown off course, they soon come across an island that has never been charted on their maps before. The island is known as Bensalem. As they arrive close to the port, they received a scroll written in Hebrew, Greek, Latin, and Spanish. The scroll had told them that they had only sixteen days to stay on the port. The crew could also rec eive some suppliesRead MoreFrancis Bacon15624 Words   |  63 Pages  Francis Bacon: A Moralist Bacon is not a true moralist. His morality is a saleable morality. He is a moralist-cum-worldly wise man. Bacon appears as a moralist in his essays, for he preaches high moral principles and lays down valuable guidelines for human conduct. Some of his essays show him as a true lover and preacher of high ethical codes and conducts. For instance, in â€Å"Of Envy†, he puts: â€Å"A man that hath no virtue in himself, ever envieth virtue in others.† Then, in his essay â€Å"Of GoodnessRead MoreEssay Utopia4252 Words   |  18 PagesEntitled, ‘DE OPTIMO REIPUBLICATE STATU DEQUE NOVA INSULA UTOPIA, clarissimi disertissimique viri THOMAE MORI inclutae civitatis Londinensis civis et Vicecomitis’, translated into English would read, ‘ON THE BEST STATE OF A COMMONWEALTH AND ON THE NEW ISLAND OF UTOPIA, by the Most Distinguished and Eloquent Author THOMAS MORE Citizen and Undersheriff of the Famous City of London.’. Utopia (Latin: no-place) is a society of great planning and capability. A community where individuals compromisedRead MoreLife of Prophet Jeremiah3247 Words   |  13 Pagesdominant for two centuries, declined and fell. Its capital, Nineveh, was captured in 612 by the Babylonians and Medes. Egypt had a brief period of resurgence under the 26th dynasty (664–525) but did not prove strong enough to establish an empire. The new world power was the Neo-Babylonian empire, ruled by a Chaldean dynasty whose best known king was Nebuchadrezzar. The small and comparatively insignificant state of Judah had been a vassal of Assyria and, when Assyria declined, asserted its independence

Strategic Global Management Free Essays

Multiple-choice Chapter 6 Which of the following is not true for a capability? A) it cannot be traded B) it changes over time C) it can be easily described in detail D) it can improve value Which of the following is not a necessary condition for the effective implementation of a pay for performance system? A) employees must be able to control the pace of production B) there should be a lower bound on product quality C) managers should receive a high bonus for the piece rate work of their employees D) team members should have roughly the same preferences for effort Which of the following is not an activity in the value chain? A) outbound procurement B) marketing C) technology development D) operations Chapter 7 A key assumption underlying theories of vertical integration is: A) Opportunistic behavior B) Suppliers and buyers have the same size C) Suppliers and buyers are located in the same country D) Firms are boundaryless In the strategic sourcing framework, firms vertically integrate when A) the firm’s need to control and its ability to perform an activity are both high B) there is high uncertainty surrounding the transaction with the supplier C) the need to control and the ability to perform the activity are uncorrelated D) the supplier has invested in high technology 14. The two most studied types of uncertainty that influence vertical integration decisions are: A) exchange rate and volume B) labor cost and technological C) material cost and labor cost D) volume and technological The standard theory of vertical integration over the industry life cycle states A) vertical integration occurs primarily in the early and late stages B) vertical integration increases in the shakeout C) vertical integration increases throughout the life cycle D) vertical integration decreases over the life cycle Chapter 8 Which of the following is generally a motivation for the formation of technology partnerships among large firms? A) coalition formation in the context of standards competition B) sharing complementary technologies C) interfirm learning of process innovations D) all of the above In which industry are partnerships based on patent sharing prevalent? A) data communications B) semiconductors C) biotechnology D) pharmaceuticals When does the ability of a potential partner to cooperate effectively become apparent? A) when it promises to follow the rules of the alliance B) when it is certified by an appropriate agency C) when the network of partnerships in the industry develops D) all of the above Chapter 9 A nationally segmented industry is one in which: A) country specific advantage and firm specific advantage are both high B) country specific advantage is high and firm-specific advantage is low C) country specific advantage is low and firm specific advantage is low D) none of the above Which of the following promote technological spillovers within a region? A) managerial transfers B) labor pooling C) regional associations D) all of the above Porter’s diamond model contains which of the following factors? A) technological spillovers B) cultural constraints C) export policies D) demand conditions Chapter 10 Which types of new business will a corporation’s financial capital contribute the most to? A) larger businesses in mature industries B) smaller units in growing industries C) larger businesses in growing industries D) smaller units in mature industries Diversification paths of firms in the same industry vary across countries because: A) the resources and capabilities of the firms in the same industry differ systematically across countries B) countries differ in the institutions that present diversification opportunities C) countries are located in different geographical locations D) the firms’ top management teams differ systematically across countries When an acquisition announcement occurs, acquisition targets often tend to: A) Enjoy a positive stock reaction B) Suffer a negative stock reaction C) Maintain their stock price D) Outsource more Chapter 11 Traditionally, firms that have grown through unrelated diversification have faced which of the following problems? A) the businesses were managed to support short-term corporate financial goals B) the complexity of the business portfolio exceeded corporate management’s capability C) there was no enduring economic rationale at the level of operations for the business units to be in the same corporation D) all of the above A transfer using a mandated market price is most effective when the downstream unit A) is attempting to establish its market position based on a cost advantage B) is attempting to establish its market position based on a value advantage C) has already achieved a dominant market position D) has failed to achieve a dominant market position Vertical integration, as represented among profit centers in a multi-business firm, is A) always superior to transactions in the market B) never superior to transactions in the market C) not necessarily superior to transactions in the market D) none of the above Open questions Describe the two key strategic motivations for international expansion? Why do multinationals emerge? How have Zara’s practices and policies regarding its boundaries contributed to its growth and performance? What was the source of tension between Stephen Davies and Christopher Carson in the BRL Hardy case? What are its strategic implications? How to cite Strategic Global Management, Essay examples

Class Conflict in South Africa free essay sample

South African society is however still facing inequality that is increasing rapidly, this inequality is caused by political, social and economic factors. This essay will compare the Weber and Marx theories of class as well as relate these theories to the present day class divisions of South Africa. Weber’s theory of class is one where class as well as status causes conflict. Society is divided into four main classes these classes are divided by status rather than wealth and the conflict caused by this ‘status’ can be due to various factors. Things such as education, lifestyle and consumption can distinguish status within a Weberian society. Life chances are also regarded as status in a Weberian view as those who did not receive life chances that someone else received will immediately view that person as having a higher status than they do, this example is prolific in the novel by Rhampele whereby people who escaped township living were frowned upon by the people who remained behind. Marx’s theory of class struggle is slightly different to Weber’s in the sense that class division is based on exploitation rather than status, exploitation being the control that the bourgeois have over the working class, this control is maintained because the bourgeois have control over the means of production. Marx views the free trade of capitalist economies as ‘exploitation, veiled by religious and political illusion, it has substituted naked, shameless, direct, brutal exploitation. ’(Marx, Karl and freidrich `engels (originally 1848), The communist manifesto, chapter 1, â€Å"Bourgeois and Proletarians’. This is a very crude depiction of Marxism, whereby the capitalist system is viewed as the machine that the bourgeois use to exploit social labour. The Marxist theory is one that is best described as conflict between two classes, which results in collective action mainly from the subordinate group. The similarity between Marxist theory and Weber theory is that they both say that whoever owns the means of production is in the driving seat of society with the bourgeois running the government and nationalization being the main priority of the ruling class in order to maintain power. The introduction of apartheid saw the polarisation of south African society on a social scale, this was followed by a polarization on an economical scale whereby black mine workers were being exploited by white bourgeois for cheap labour. Although this exploitation took form in an economic capacity it still correlates with Marx’s suggestion that class division is a division based on relationship rather than assets. The industrial revolution was a good example of this whereby black mine workers were identified by number rather than name, giving one the impression that they were viewed as commodities rather than people. The formation of trade unions also hastened the splitting of the classes as it showed that the black population recognized that they were being exploited. The Weberian understanding of class in south Africa is different to that of Marxist understanding, it’s structured into four class categories which I believe Is more fitting to South African society of today as it more accurately represents the economic and social positions of the population. Apartheid in South Africa is viewed by Weber as the time of an emerging African middle class, â€Å"this middle class was well educated. This well educated middle class suggested that that all the â€Å"decent people† were educated†(Jeremy Seekings, 2008. Lecture notes. ) The mindset that the emerging middle class adopted about those who weren’t educated is a good example of status division within a class of people. Whilst at the same time these educated African middle class looked down on those who weren’t so fortunate, so did the uneducated view the emerging middle class as outcasts. This mindset toward one another is difficult to catergorise into class or status but it does say that education was recognized as inequality within African society under the apartheid regime. The post apartheid regime carried some of the characteristics from the past and still today the educated middle class African people are viewed by their uneducated counter parts as traitors etc. Is this now a division of status or class? There are also other factors that could influence such thinking patterns within communities, such as cultural traditions of witchcraft and patriarchy. Society after apartheid is one that is difficult to categorise, education, tradition as well as material wealth all contribute to class and status division. Class and status are also defined by the workplace, the workplace was structured by apartheid and this structure still affects the workplaces of today. The article by Karl von Holdt suggests that because black labourers were marginalized under the apartheid regime it instilled a mindset in them that they are inferior. This mindset has prevented black society from uplifting itself out of poverty and it has also resulted in the ridicule of people who have managed to better themselves. Segregation in the workplace at the high veld steel mill resulted in the deskilling of the black population; this deskilling hampers the black community even today. The deskilling has put a ceiling on the level at which a black worker can progress, ultimately defining status and class. From my own experience working in hotel close to where I live, it is very evident that the employees who are natively from south Africa seem to have a mindset that there is a limit o what they can achieve and a ceiling to the level that they can rise to, this contrasts greatly with the mindset of the workers who are from other African countries like Congo, Malawi etc. The employees from these foreign African countries don’t seem to have limitations to what they can succeed I personally believe that apartheid was a mould which shaped the African working class into what it is today and can be blamed for the lack of ambition that is found in the majority of the working class black population. South African society has become a cosmopolitan of classes, it is difficult o pin point the exact problem that society in South Africa has but it is clear that both Weber and Marx contribute to a better understanding of class struggle within South Africa. Referencing Von Holdt, Karl , 2003. Transitions from below. University of kwazulu Natal Press. Ramphele, Mamphela, 2002. Steering by the stars. NB publishers. Marx, Karl and freidrich `engels (originally 1848), The communist manifesto, chapter 1, â€Å"Bourgeois and Proletarians’ Seekings, Jeremy. 2008 Lecture notes.

Exclusionary Rule Evaluation free essay sample

The exclusionary rule exempts some evidence even when the seizure or location of the evidence may violate the Fourth Amendment. The rule also provides some benefits and detriments for members of the criminal justice system when gathering evidence or prosecuting offenders. However, the exclusionary rule is an important doctrine to members of the criminal justice system demonstrating a means to introduce evidence in the furtherance of justice. The exclusionary rule prevents evidence obtained by the criminal justice system in violation of the Fourth Amendment guarantee against unreasonable search or seizure is not allowable to prove the guilt of an accused person in a criminal prosecution. However, the primary purpose of the rule is to deter police misconduct by preventing the gathering of evidence in violation of the Fourth Amendment (Del Carmen, 2010). The rule also strengthens the protections offered by the Fourth Amendment by allowing defendants a means to object to illegally obtained evidence. We will write a custom essay sample on Exclusionary Rule Evaluation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The rule originally applied to federal courts only. However, the decision of the United States Supreme Court in the case of Mapp v. Ohio (1961) incorporated the inclusion of state courts for using the exclusionary rule from the Fourteenth Amendment to include the protections of the Fourth Amendment thereby requiring the state courts to provide the protections of the Bill of Rights to defendants. This inclusion of state courts ensures defendants receive the same protections from tainted evidence or police misconduct (Del Carmen, 2010). The exclusionary rule provides extra protections for defendants; however, certain circumstances exist allowing the introduction of gathered evidence that violates the defendant’s Fourth Amendment rights. These exceptions include good faith errors, independent sources, inevitable discovery, and the purged taint exception. The good faith exception allows the introduction of evidence collected by law enforcement that on review violates the defendant’s Fourth Amendment rights. A defective search warrant may taint the collected evidence; however, law enforcement officers acting under good faith a search warrant is valid may present the tainted evidence at trial because the initial error lies with the judge approving the probable cause for the warrant (Del Carmen, 2010). The independent source exception allows the introduction of evidence obtained via the direct result of an illegal search or seizure if the connection between the illegal police conduct and the seizure of the evidence dissipates the taint of illegality. If the police possess an independent source used to obtain entry on a search and discover contraband based on the source in an illegal manner, then the seizure of the evidence is admissible regardless of the illegal entry or search (Del Carmen, 2010). The inevitable discovery doctrine allows the introduction of evidence of a defendant’s guilt that is inadmissible under the exclusionary rule. The doctrine states evidence obtained in violation of a defendant’s constitutional rights may be admissible if normal police investigation will inevitably lead to the discovery of the evidence. In Nix v. Williams (1984), the Supreme Could held the statements made a defendant at the prodding of a police officer after the defendant’s refusal to speak without an attorney could be introduced as evidence. The basis for the decision was the concurrent search for evidence by volunteers in the same area as the defendant indicated after the prodding by the officer. The court held police would locate the evidence because of the concurrent search regardless of the defendant’s statements; therefore, the evidence is admissible (Del Carmen, 2010). The purged taint exception allows evidence collected or obtained illegally to be admissible when certain actions â€Å"purge† the taint of illegal seizure. In Wong Sun v. United States (1963), the Supreme Court held the confession of Sun was admissible because Sun voluntarily returned to a police station and confessed to a crime after a previous illegal search by police officers. The voluntary return and confession purged the taint from an illegal search making the confession admissible as evidence (Del Carmen, 2010). The exclusionary rule offers a few benefits for the criminal justice system. The rule deters law enforcement from violating the rights of citizens when gathering evidence. The rule also reinforces the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment as it prevents members of the criminal justice system from ignoring the guarantees of the due process laws. This prevention of police abuse and recognition of due process laws allows the individuals of society to be secure in their freedoms (Del Carmen, 2010). The exclusionary rule also offers a major detriment according to opponents. Members of the criminal justice system who make errors in searching or seizing a person or property may create a loophole for an offender to escape prosecution. A court may suppress evidence because of the taint of the violation of the defendant’s rights. Additionally, a violation by a court can create an infringement of a defendant’s due process rights resulting in a complete dismissal of criminal charges (Del Carmen, 2010). There are several alternatives available in lieu of the exclusionary rule. However, they seldom see use. Officers who violate a person’s rights may be held civilly responsible under tort class actions. Individuals may sue officers and their departments for damages related to the rights violations. An illegal search or seizure may be criminally actionable resulting in the prosecution of an officer for abuse of office. While a damage remedy or incarceration may be more effectual, the Supreme Court emphasizes the exclusion of evidence from illegal searches or seizures as a more effective enforcement of the exclusionary rule (Del Carmen, 2010). The exclusionary rule is an important aspect of the American criminal justice system and should be continued. It provides exceptions to potential mistakes members of the criminal justice system may make under good faith. Even though there are other alternatives to the exclusionary rule, the rule provides enhanced protections for citizens while allowing exclusions to prevent some criminal cases from ever receiving a day in court.